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Sunday, December 11, 2011

YOUR TALK, TALKS AND YOUR WALK TALKS. DOES YOUR WALK-TALK THE SAME AS YOUR TALK-TALKS?

YOUR TALK, TALKS AND YOUR WALK TALKS. DOES YOUR WALK-TALK THE SAME AS YOUR TALK-TALKS?

This study is to help to define and explain what the Yahudim (“the Jews”) of the first century termed “halacha” or “the Way”.  It is probably the most important and yet least understood concept in modern “Christianity”.  The restoration of all things necessitates all believers by favor through faith understand and return to “the Way” (halacha).    

Acts 9:2 “Shaul asked from him letters to the congregations of Damascus, so that if he found any who were of the Way, whether men or women, to bring them bound to Yahrushalayim.”

Acts 19:9 “But when some were hardened and did not believe, speaking evil of the Way before the crowd, he withdrew from them and separated the taught ones, reasoning daily in the school of Turannos.”

Acts 19:23 “And about that time there came to be a great commotion about the Way.”

Acts 24:14 “And this I confess to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect, so I worship the Elohim of my fathers, believing all that has been written in the Torah and in the Prophets,”

Acts 24:22 “And having heard this, having known more exactly about the Way, Felix put them off, saying, “When Lysias the commander comes down, I shall decide your case.”


The title of this paper I first heard spoken by my father, Robert Henry McDuffie Jr.  I do not know if he originally came up with this saying or if he was quoting someone else.  He is a lifelong Christian and a Southern Baptist minister.  I love my father very much.  He and my mother raised me, the best they knew how, in a loving and safe environment.  They were greatly instrumental in laying the foundation of faith in my life and for that I cannot help but be eternally grateful. 

However, as an adult my journey of faith has been much different than that of my father’s.  Our independent study and understanding of “The Scriptures” had led us farther and farther apart in what we believe to be true about Yahweh Elohim and His plan of redemption for His people, most commonly called Yisrael.  It is important to note that my father and I still do agree on many of the foundational Truths of “The Scriptures”; such as the literal six day special creation account of Bereshith (Genesis), the literal word inspiration of “The Scriptures” and that salvation is only found by favor through faith through the finished work of the cross of Yahoshua (Jesus) the Messiah.

It goes without saying, it is our fallen human nature to focus more on our differences rather than our common beliefs and that is probably why most of society is so sectarian in nature.  Whether religion or politics we most often gravitate toward those who are the most like minded and in some way reject those who are different.  It also universally true that we are more judgmental of our closest family members and friends than we are of ourselves and strangers, myself included.

The fact of the matter is, there are literally thousands of differing expressions of the “Christian” faith and experience.  Almost every one of these expressions claims to believe in “the Bible” and in “Jesus Christ”.  So how come we all disagree so adamantly about what the Bible teaches to be true?  Is the Bible really so confusing that we cannot understand it as one body of Messiah or have we the sheeple allowed the faith once delivered to the saints to be hijacked and derailed by those who mean to rule over us?

Ephesians 6:11-12 “Put on the complete armour of Elohim, for you to have power to stand against the schemes of the Devil. v.12 Because we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against authorities, against the world-rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual matters of wickedness in the heavenlies.”

The aim of this study is to simply and clearly explain what Yahoshua the Messiah and the apostles meant for us to understand by their own testimonies and out of this understanding for us to leave behind our differing expressions of division and to become the one new man in Messiah Yahoshua that was intended from ages long ago by the mouth of the prophets.           

Ephesians 2:11-19 “Therefore remember that you, once gentiles in the flesh, (Note the past tense usage of gentiles also see 1 Cor. 12:2) who are called ‘the uncircumcision’ by what is called ‘the circumcision’ made in the flesh by hands, v.12 that at that time you were without Messiah, excluded from the citizenship of Yisra’ĕl and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no expectation and without Elohim in the world. v.13 But now in Messiah יהושע you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of the Messiah. v.14 For He is our peace, who has made both one, and having broken down the partition of the barrier, v.15 having abolished in His flesh the enmity –  of the Torah of the commands in dogma – so as to create in Himself one renewed man from the two, thus making peace, v.16 and to completely restore to favour both of them unto Elohim in one body through the stake, having destroyed the enmity by it. v.17 And having come, He brought as Good News peace to you who were far off, and peace to those near. v.18 Because through Him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit. V.19 So then you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the set-apart ones and members of the household of Elohim,”1 Footnote: 1Rom. 11:17-24, Isa. 14:1.

THE FULNESS OF THE GENTILES?

Approximately AD 40 the first gentile convert, a Roman Centurion, by the name of Cornelius, professed Yahoshua the Messiah and received the gift of Ruach ha Chodesh (the Set-apart Spirit).  (Acts 10)  From that time to approximately AD 50 the gospel of Yahoshua ha MaShiach rapidly spread to the gentile nations.  (From “The Scriptures”, a gentile is defined as anyone who is not in covenant with the Elohim of Abraham, Yitshak (Isaac) and Ya ‘acob.  For this reason alone it would be an oxymoron for anyone to refer to themselves as a gentile Christian.  You can be either a believer in Yahoshua or a gentile.  According to the full counsel of “The Scriptures” it is impossible to be both.)    

It was during this period of time that a very important question was brought, before the apostles, in Yahrushalayim, by sincere believers in Yahoshua, who were in urgent need of an immediate answer.  It is this question and its answer that would forever shape the history of the local assembly of believers in Yahoshua the Messiah.  HaSatan (The Devil) and His armies knew this to be true and thus have done everything possible to distort the question asked and the answer given for over 1,900 years. 

The devilish hosts overwhelming success in accomplishing this has brought the local assemblies all over the world into a state of great confusion and sincere delusion.  Amazingly, all of this was prophetically foretold and is actually yet another great fulfillment of prophecy and is thus another authentification of the divine inspiration of “The Scriptures”.  (For more information on this subject here is the link to the study “DANIEL 7 ANTI-HA MASHIACH UNMASKED”.)


We find the question, in question, in Acts 15:1.

“And certain men came down from Yahuḏah and were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised, according to the practice of Mosheh, you are unable to be saved.”

The question is restated in Acts 15:5.  

And some of the believers who belonged to the sect of the Pharisees, rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the Torah of Mosheh.”

According to these two verses the important question that was brought before the council of the apostles was whether you needed to be circumcised and keep the Torah of Mosheh (Moses) in order to be saved (gentile conversion).  There can be no mistaking what this dispute is all about.  It is all about what is the required of any gentile, who is outside of the covenant Heaven established with Abraham, (Bereshith / Genesis 15), and later with Yisrael, (Shemoth / Exodus 12 & 19), who desires to convert and come into the eternal covenant and enjoin oneself to the house of Yisrael. 

(Note:  First, it is extremely important to know, it is an absolute imperical, historical fact, the house of Yisrael in the first century AD 30 was solely represented by the tribe of Yahudah (Judah), along with his brothers Benyamin and Levi, collectively called “the Jews”, today.  The vast majority of the other ten tribes of northern Yisrael were in Diaspora (living outside of the promised land of their inheritance) ever since BC 723/722 until the present time.  If you do not know this is 100% true, for yourself, you can watch Jim Staley’s teaching, “IDENTITY CRISIS” on YAH-TUBE or you can read J.H. Allen’s book, “JUDAH’S SCEPTRE AND JOSEPH’S BIRTH RIGHT”.   


  
Second, for those who do not know: Torah primarily means “The Instructions” and is comprised of the first five books of the Bible, called, Bereshith/Genesis, Shemoth/Exodus, Way yiqra/Leviticus, Bemidbar/Numbers and Debarim/Deuteronomy.  However, all of “The Scriptures” are,

Basic
Instructions
Before
Leaving
Earth

and in a much broader sense, “The Torah”, can mean the entire cannon of both the Old and New Testament Scriptures. e.g. Yahonan / John 10:34, Yahoshua is referencing Mismore / Psalm 82:6 and yet He calls it “The Torah”!  

Third, salvation is defined as being justified worthy in the eyes of Heaven.  It is as though you are a righteous man or woman without sin.  Justification = Just As If You Have Never Sinned!)

In other words we are dealing with the single most important question of “The Scriptures”.  How do the gentiles (those who are outside of the covenant) enter into eternal life?  This is why the answer was so urgently sought from the apostles who were residing in Yahrushalayim.

The problem with most of our understanding of “The Scriptures” today is that we are thousands of years removed from the time it was first written and most of us do not have any real grasp on the historical context of what we are reading and studying.  The end result for most of us is that we are trying to apply twenty-first century thinking to first century writings.  It simply does not work.

According to the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, this problem found in Acts 15 is nothing new.  It is a historical fact, that in the first century AD 30, there were at least five different sects of Pharisees.  (Pharisees were the primarily recognized religious rulers in the land of Yahudah during the time of Yahoshua and His disciples.)  One of these religious sects of Pharisees required that any male gentile who desired to convert, and come into the covenant Heaven established with Abraham and enjoin Himself to the house of Yisrael, must become circumcised and learn the Torah of Mosheh.  This conversion process would have taken a minimum of three years. 

I have copied and pasted the following from the Wikipedia web site @


Early debate on requirement for circumcision

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on circumcision of proselytes[16], in the 1st century CE, before the Mishnah was edited, the requirement for circumcision of proselytes was an open issue between the zealots and liberal parties in ancient Israel. R. Joshua argued that besides accepting Jewish beliefs and laws, a prospective convert to Judaism must undergo immersion in a mikveh. In contrast, R. Eliezer makes circumcision a condition for the conversion. A similar controversy between the Shammaites and the Hillelites is given regarding a proselyte born without a foreskin: the former demanding the spilling of a drop of blood of the covenant; the latter declaring it to be unnecessary.[17]

In discussions about the necessity of circumcision for those born of a Jewish mother, lending some support to the need for circumcision of converts, the Midrash states: "If thy sons accept My Godhead [by undergoing circumcision] I shall be their God and bring them into the land; but if they do not observe My covenant in regard either to circumcision or to the Sabbath, they shall not enter the land of promise" (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xlvi). "The Sabbath-keepers who are not circumcised are intruders, and deserve punishment," (Midrash Deut. Rabbah i).
However, the opposing view is supported in the Babylonian Talmud: "A male convert who has been immersed but not circumcised, or circumcised but not immersed, is a convert."

As you can see, the issue of what is required for a gentile to convert and come into covenant was a contentious and divisive one for sure.  Once again it is important to recognize that the issue at hand is all about conversion!  What is the requirement for gentiles to come into covenant with the Elohim of Abraham and enjoin oneself to the house of Yisrael.  Among the Yahudim (incorrectly called the Jews), the converted, and the gentiles this question persists till this day and there is still much confusion and divisiveness due to the many various sectarian beliefs.

However, from “The Scriptures” all believers in Yahoshua the Messiah have received the correct and final answer.  So it is really a matter of will we hear and obey, (shema – Debarim 6:4-9), the Word of Yahweh as given to us by His emissaries (the apostles).  Here is the official answer as recorded in Acts 15:19-21.

v.19 “Therefore I judge that we should not trouble those from among the gentiles who are turning to Elohim, v.20 but that we write to them to abstain from the defilements of idols, and from whoring, and from what is strangled, and from blood. v.21 “For from ancient generations Mosheh (Moses) has, in every city, those proclaiming him – being read in the congregations every Sabbath.”

It is also recorded in Acts 15:28-29.

v.28 “For it seemed good to the Set-apart Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessities: v.29 that you abstain from what is offered to idols, and blood, and what is strangled, and whoring. If you keep yourselves from these, you shall do well. Be strong!”

It is recorded a third time in Acts 21:25

v.25 “But concerning the gentiles who believe, we have written and decided that they should keep themselves from what is offered to idols, and blood, and what is strangled, and whoring.”

It seems pretty straight forward doesn’t it? However, the way most of “the NT church” tries to interpret and explain these verses you would think that these are the only four basic requirements for any gentile who desires to convert to “Christianity”.  Well if this is true then what about the part about loving Elohim and loving your neighbour? 

Mattithyahu 22:37-40 “And יהושע said to him, “ ‘You shall love יהוה your Elohim with all your heart, and with all your being, and with all your mind.’ v.38 “This is the first and great command. v.39 “And the second is like it, ‘You shall love your neighbour as yourself.’ v.40 “On these two commands hang all the Torah and the Prophets.”

What about not stealing and not lying?  This isn’t mentioned anywhere in Acts 15.  In addition, according to “Dake’s Annotated Bible” there are 1050 commands in the New Testament alone.  Who are all these commands for?  Are they just for Yahudah and not at all for the gentiles who convert to “the Way”?  

Another valid point is that most of “the churches” do not bother to teach these four requirements to new converts at the time of their conversion.  For most westernized “churches” the only requirement to convert and be a “Christian” is to simply believe.  Ask yourself, when was the last time you heard any of these requirements mentioned, much less taught to sinners, in any detailed explanation, before they said “the sinners prayer” and “gave their heart to Jesus”.   

ARE GENTILES CALLED TO REPENT OR TO CONVERT?

Contrary to current popular thinking, words really do have meaning.  It is my opinion that one of the greatest weapons of our enemy, the Devil, is to get us to change the meaning of the words in our Bibles.  The original purpose of the first Webster’s dictionary was to establish the meaning of the words in the King James Version of “The Scriptures”.  This was / is necessary because of man’s devilish propensity to change the meaning of the words we communicate with.

In my lifetime I have watched the common word “gay” change meaning two different times.  What once meant “happy” came to be understood as “homosexual” and now is used as a negative term meaning “unaccepted, unfashionable and out-dated”.

The primary message of all of the prophets, Yahonan the cousin of the Messiah Yahoshua, Yahoshua ha MaShiach and all His disciples can be summed up in just one word,  REPENT!!  Repent is a word in the vocabulary of every assembly of believers in Yahoshua and most theologians.  But, I submit to you that almost everyone who uses this expression does not know what it really means.

One of the most familiar usage of the word repent is found in Acts 2:38 on the day of Shavuot (Pentecost).  

“And Kĕpha (Peter) said to them, “Repent, and let each one of you be immersed in the Name of יהושע Messiah for the forgiveness of sins.  And you shall receive the gift of the Set-apart Spirit.”            

It is most unfortunate that most believers are too lazy to study “The Scriptures” for themselves and thus are all too often easily deceived and led astray.  However, it is almost equally unfortunate that when believers do apply themselves to study “The Scriptures” they usually resort to looking up a definition of a word in a dictionary or concordance and are entirely satisfied with the answer provided.  In the New Testament book of Acts Christians were called noble for searching “The Scriptures”, not the latest commentaries and Bible dictionaries.

Acts 17:11 “Now these were more noble than those in Thessalonike, who received the word with great eagerness, and searched “The Scriptures” daily, if these words were so. 

The set-apart Hebrew language was / is divinely designed by Heaven.  Part of this design is that the meanings of the words throughout “The Scriptures” are to be understood and defined by the context of the usage.  Another aspect of this design is that the original usage of any word is usually the best definition.  In other words the Heavenly design of “The Scriptures” is that “The Scriptures” themselves would be the dictionary that defines the meaning of the words throughout “The Scriptures”.

Now that a proper foundation of understanding has been laid, where do we find the first usage of the word repent in “The Scriptures”?   

Bereshith / Genesis 3:19  “By the sweat of your face you are to eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For dust you are, and to dust you return.”

From this Scripture we learn that the same word that Kepha used in Acts 2:38 is first used by Yahweh Elohim at the fall of man in the garden of Eden.  (It is H7725 in the Strong’s concordance, Shub or Shuv.)  By this first usage of the word repent we can see it means to return to the place of origin.

Now, “repent” was a perfectly logical command when preached to Yisrael and Yahudah in the OT, and Yahudah in the NT.  As His chosen people, they knew the Yahweh Elohim of Heaven and Earth.  They also possessed His Word, the Torah and the TaNaKh (the rest of the OT).  Perpetually, both Yisrael and Yahudah have added to the Word of Elohim and took away from the Word of Elohim from the time it was given to them in the wilderness till this very day.  This is strictly forbidden by the Word of Elohim.

Debarim / Deuteronomy 4:1 “And now, O Yisra’ĕl, listen to the laws and the right-rulings which I am teaching you to do, so that you live, and shall go in and possess the land which יהוה Elohim of your fathers is giving you. v.2 “Do not add to the Word which I command you, and do not take away from it1, so as to guard the commands of יהוה your Elohim which I am commanding you.” Footnote: 1See also 12:32, Prov. 30:6, Rev. 22:18-19.

Yisrael and Yahudah in the TaNaKh (OT) and Yahudah in Brit ha DaShah (NT) were all called to repent, or more accurately return, to Yahweh Elohim and His Torah by every one of the prophets up until and including Yahonan Ben Zecharyah (John the Baptist), Yahoshua ha MaShiach and all the first century apostles.  

By the very definition of “The Scriptures” it was / is impossible for any gentile to repent.  How can a gentile return to Yahweh Elohim whom he has never known?  How can any gentile return to obeying the Torah which he has never heard?  The message of repentance would be and still is utter nonsense to an unconverted gentile.  (If you disagree, I would love to hear from you with your Scriptural based reason(s) why at 7rapturesrobert@gmail.com.) 

Logically, anyone who has never known Yahweh Elohim (i.e. a gentile) must first convert and come into covenant with the Yahweh Elohim of Abraham, Yitshak and Ya ‘acob.  Only those converts who have come into covenant can repent if they have strayed from “The Scriptures” and genuine active faith in Yahweh Elohim.

Those who are diligent to examine the first century writings (NT), will soon discover that repent or repentance is also used in reference to the gentiles who are converting (i.e. coming in to covenant with the Elohim of Yisrael). 

Acts 11:18 “And having heard this, they were silent, and praised Elohim, saying, “Then Elohim has indeed also given to the gentiles repentance to life.”

However, further research will soon reveal that there is only one word, repent, in the English language and in the Greek.  When we go back to the Hebrew equivalent we find that the word nâcham (pronounced: naw-kham') can also be translated repent. 

The first time this word is found in “The Scriptures” is in Bereshith / Genesis 5:29. ~

“and called his name Noaḥ, saying, “This one does comfort us concerning our work and the toil of our hands, because of the ground which יהוה has cursed.” 

Amazingly, “The Scriptures” testify extensively that the Gentiles received “the Comforter” or Ruach ha Chodesh / the Set-apart Spirit at the time of their conversion.  This is exactly what the Yahudim were bearing witness to in Acts 11:18.

“And as I began to speak, the Set-apart Spirit fell upon them, as upon us at the beginning. v.16 “And I remembered the word of the Master, how He said, ‘Yaḥonan indeed immersed in water, but you shall be immersed in the Set-apart Spirit.’ v.17 “So if Elohim gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Master יהושע Messiah, how was I able to withstand Elohim?” Acts 11:15-17

To summarize: In the first century (NT) whenever Yahudah was called to repent their proper response was to return to the faith of their father’s Abraham, Yitshak and Ya ‘acob by the shed blood of Yahoshua ha MaShiach and to the pure undefiled Torah of Yahweh Elohim.  When gentiles were called to convert they were admonished to demonstrate the sincerity of their commitment to the covenant of Yahweh’s favor, by the shed blood of Yahoshua the Messiah, by agreeing to the foundational stipulations found in Acts 15:19-21.

A CALL TO SET-APARTNESS  

The way that most “Christians” in the modern western world live out their faith you would think that the grace of Heaven was a license to do whatever you please.  They think Elohim will forgive them no matter what and they have a fire insurance policy that is paid in full because they believe.  Sadly, I was once one of these professing fools. “The Scriptures” declare the very opposite to be true.

Mattithyahu 5:48 “Therefore, be perfect, as your Father in  Heaven is perfect.

Romans 6:12-16 “Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body, to obey it in its desires, v.13 neither present your members as instruments of unrighteousness to sin, but present yourselves to Elohim as being alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to Elohim. v.14 For sin shall not rule over you, for you are not under the law but under favour. v.15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under Torah but under favour? Let it not be! v.16 Do you not know that to whom you present yourselves servants for obedience, you are servants of the one whom you obey, whether of sin to death, or of obedience to righteousness?

1Corinthians 15:34 “Wake up to soberness, righteously, and do not sin, for some do not have the knowledge of Elohim. I speak this to your shame.”

Titus  2:14 “who gave Himself for us, to redeem us from all lawlessness and to cleanse for Himself a people, His own possession, ardent for good works.”

Ya ‘acob / James 4:17 “To him, then, who knows to do good and does not do it, to him it is sin.

1Yahonan 2:1 “My little children, I write this to you, so that you do not sin. And if anyone sins, we have an Intercessor with the Father, יהושע Messiah, a righteous One.”

& 3:8  The one doing sin is of the devil, because the devil has sinned from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of Elohim was manifested: to destroy the works of the devil.”

1Kepha / Peter 1:15-16 “But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; v.16 Because it is written, Be ye perfect; for I am perfect.”

The present nightmarish reality is that the fruit of the westernized “church” is mostly rotten to the core.  Every category of sin without exception is just as prevalent in the local “church” as it is in the world.  The state of denial is such that there is little to no call to forsake our lawlessness and to return to the standard of righteousness recorded in “The Scriptures”.  The end result is countless millions are leaving the “church”, but not their faith in the Messiah, Yahoshua. Where O’ where did it all go wrong?

How did we go from the greatest revival ever recorded in history, in the book of Acts, to the present shipwreck “Christianity” has become all over the western world today?  To answer this question in detailed accuracy would probably take a whole library of books.  So perhaps a much wiser question would be, how can we all return to where we originated from and experience this revival once again?

Just maybe the answer is as simple as taking a closer look at Acts 15 and hearing and obeying the instructions given to us.

AN ILLUSTRATION FROM MARRIAGE

It is my personal belief that our Father in Heaven speaks primarily in picture language so that even a child can hear and understand “The Scriptures”, and thus obey them.  Theology has complicated the understanding of “The Scriptures” to the point that today there is estimated to be tens of thousands of different expression of the “Christian” religion.  I personally believe that when we all return to the picture language that Yahweh Elohim gave us from the beginning all of our theological messes will disappear and we will be one (echad) even as our Master Yahoshua prayed for us to be. (Yahonan 17:20-23)

The original and most prominent picture we are given is found in Bereshith / Genesis 2.  It is the picture of marriage.  Ephesians 5:32 tells us this is the picture of Yahoshua and His bride, Yisrael, by His unmerited favor through faith.  This picture tells us the whole story!  Everything we will ever need to know is found in Bereshith chapter 2!  It speaks of Yahoshua’s first coming, His second coming and the doctrine(s) of justification, sanctification, and glorification.  (I cover all this in detail in my teaching, “THE ELOHIM AND KING OF ALL GRACE”, available for free, upon request and also posted on my blog.  Here is the link for your convenience.) 


The picture of marriage was kept pure by every single patriarch until Abraham.  He and Sarah muddled up the picture when they brought Hagar into their marriage covenant.  Halleluyah, Yitshak / Isaac, who is a foreshadow of Yahoshua, restored the picture for us in his marriage covenant to Ribqah / Rebekah.  However, his son Ya‘acob really muddled up the picture with his two wives and two concubines and it has been pretty much distorted ever since.  It is no wonder there is such a perpetual attack against the one man / one woman marriage covenant.  HaSatan and his kingdom wants to do everything they can to destroy the beautiful picture of our Heavenly Father’s plan His Son and His bride.    

With the picture of marriage in mind I want us to consider some familiar verses of Scripture.

“That if you confess with your mouth the Master יהושע and believe in your heart that Elohim has raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved. For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and one confesses with the mouth, and so is saved. Because the Scripture says, “Whoever puts his trust in Him shall not be put to shame.” Romans 10:9-11

The word translated as confess is actually from a Greek compound word that means covenant as in a marriage covenant!!!

homologeō ~ pronounced ~ hom-ol-og-eh'-o

From a compound of the base of G3674 and G3056; to assent, that is, covenant, acknowledge: - con- (pro-) fess, confession is made, give thanks, promise.

When an individual enters into holy matrimony he, or she, vows to hold onto that one person, to the exclusion of everyone else in the world, no matter what the circumstances of life may be.  This is exactly what we do when we convert and follow Yahoshua the Messiah.  We commit our life to Him to the exclusion of everyone and everything else in the world.  He did the same for us when He died for us almost two thousand years ago.  In the light of this understanding, holy could also just as readily be defined as wholly!  (Note: Holi is the name of a far eastern elohim and as a general rule I try to avoid its usage altogether. Shemoth / Exodus 23:13)  

“And He died for all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died for them, and was raised.” 2Corinthians 5:15

When we get married we abandon the life we knew previously in exchange for a new life with our spouse.  If someone claimed to be married, but they never made love to their spouse, lived in a completely separate home, had completely separate friends, and a completely separate life, would that be a marriage?  No!  That would not be a marriage.  That would be a fraud!  In the exact same way, if we claim to be a believer in Yahoshua ha MaShiach and nothing ever changes in our lives, how can we claim to belong to Him?

Now as we look more carefully at Acts 15 let us consider it within the frame work of the picture of marriage.  When we first get married we exchange vows.  This is a tradition that extends back, in many various forms, for thousands of years.  The initial vows are like the frame work of a house.  The frame will eventually require a roof, walls, decorated interior, etc.  In other words it is a starting place from which a lifetime of additions will be made as two people get to know one another and create a life together.

Our wedding vows are, our initial torah (instructions) by which every frame of marital relationship is built.  All additional torah will come along as we continue to walk together in mutual relationship of exclusivity.  Of course we do not call this torah, instructions or commandments in most of our homes.  Instead we call them likes, dislikes, preferences, boundaries, etc.  We listen to and follow the lead of our spouses because we value them as our spouse and we enjoy the benefits of marriage.  It is the relationship of exclusivity that gives us the desire to please our spouse according to their desire. 

In Hebrew this relationship is expressed as aggadah.  Without agaddah the halacha has little to no meaning.  You must have a personal aggadah (relationship) with Yahoshua ha MaShiach in order to want to obey His halacha (instructions).  All throughout “The Scriptures” you will find that aggadah and halacha are inextricably inseparable in our relationship with Yahweh Elohim.  This is absolutely essential to our understanding His nature and character.  Although inseparable you will find that Yahweh always initiates relationship first and then He instructs us in His ways.

With this Hebraic perspective in mind let’s take a closer look at the torah (instructions) given by Ya ‘acob, the half brother of Yahoshua, in Acts 15.    

1.) “abstain from the defilements of idols”

Just what is the defilement of idols?  What was / is offered to idols?  Instead of vain, imaginative and speculative answers why don’t we just let “The Scriptures” interpret “The Scriptures”.

Shemoth / Exodus 20:4-5 “You do not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of that which is in the heavens above, or which is in the earth beneath, or which is in the waters under the earth, v.5 you do not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, יהוה your Elohim am a jealous Ěl, visiting the crookedness of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,”

Way yiqra / Leviticus 19:4 “‘Do not turn to idols, and do not make for yourselves moulded mighty ones. I am יהוה your Elohim.”

Way yiqra 26:1 “‘Do not make idols for yourselves, and do not set up a carved image or a pillar for yourselves, and do not place a stone image in your land, to bow down to it. For I am יהוה your Elohim.”

Debarim 4:23-25 “Guard yourselves, lest you forget the covenant of יהוה your Elohim which He made with you, and shall make for yourselves a carved image in the form of whatever יהוה your Elohim has forbidden you. v.24 “For יהוה your Elohim is a consuming fire, a jealous Ěl. v.25 “When you bring forth children and grandchildren, and shall grow old in the land, and shall do corruptly and make a carved image in the form of whatever, and shall do what is evil in the eyes of יהוה your Elohim to provoke Him,

So far it seems pretty obvious, doesn’t it?  Believers in Yahoshua are not supposed to make any images of any kind, to bow down to them, to worship them or to serve them.  The majority of Christendom today would never even consider doing this.  Imagine if a husband of wife, to be, were standing at the altar of covenant and either one of them were thinking of carrying on a relationship with a previous boyfriend(s) / girlfriend(s).  This thought would be absolutely reprehensible to most of “Christianity”.   

Debarim / Deuteronomy 4:15-19 “Therefore, diligently guard yourselves, for you saw no form when יהוה spoke to you at Ḥorĕḇ out of the midst of the fire, v.16 lest you should do corruptly and shall make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure – the likeness of male or female, v.17 the likeness of any beast that is on the earth or the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the heavens, v.18 the likeness of any creature that creeps on the ground or the likeness of any fish that is in the water under the earth; v.19 and lest you lift up your eyes to the heavens, and shall see the sun, and the moon, and the stars – all the host of the heavens – and you be drawn away into bowing down to them and serving them, which יהוה your Elohim has allotted to all the peoples under all the heavens.”

Here we see a further explanation of “the defilement of idol(s)” in the forbidding of Yahweh’s people from practicing Zoroastrianism.  Today, this is most familiarly called astrology or the horoscope.  Many “Christians” are not even aware “The Scriptures” forbid this practice altogether and many more do not see any real danger in indulging in this sinful behavior.  The current state of Christendom is so bad that even when you try to warn people about the dangers of consulting their horoscope they usually scoff and casually dismiss it.  In addition, many of the holiday celebrations that “Christians” engage in over the course of the year, including the celebration of birth dates, are directly related to the pagan religion of astrology.   

Debarim 9:12 “Then יהוה said to me, ‘Arise, go down quickly from here, for your people whom you brought out of Mitsrayim have acted corruptly. They have quickly turned aside from the way which I commanded them, they have made themselves a moulded image.’”

Shemoth / Exodus 32:5 “And Aharon saw and built an altar before it. And Aharon called out and said, “Tomorrow is a festival to יהוה.”

Shemoth 32:7-8 “And יהוה said to Mosheh, “Go, get down! For your people whom you brought out of the land of Mitsrayim have corrupted themselves. V.8 “They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a moulded calf, and have bowed themselves to it and slaughtered to it, and said, ‘This is your mighty one, O Yisra’ĕl, who brought you out of the land of Mitsrayim!’”

In the previous three passages of “Scripture” we witness on all too familiar and devilish scene.  This sinful, forbidden practice began in the wilderness 3,500 years ago, carried on through most of the history of Yisrael to the north, and Yahudah to the south, and is still prevalent in most “Christian” churches to this present day.

Even though, by His own mouth, Yahweh Elohim hates this idolatrous practice most “Christians” remain completely ignorant to His wrathful disdain and continue to worship Him in the manner the pagans worship their elohim.  Even worse, among those who are very well informed, this idolatry persists in Elohim’s assemblies and they do not see any need to confess and forsake their wickedness!  They arrogantly think that all idolatry is justified because of the favor they have received by the shed blood of Yahoshua.  Hear the Word of Yahweh Elohim!

Debarim 12:29-31 “When יהוה your Elohim does cut off from before you the nations which you go to dispossess, and you dispossess them and dwell in their land, v.30 guard yourself that you are not ensnared to follow them, after they are destroyed from before you, and that you do not inquire about their mighty ones, saying, ‘How did these nations serve their mighty ones? And let me do so too.1 (Footnote: 1See also 18:9, Way yiqra/Leviticus 18:3, Yirmeyahu/Jeremiah 10:2, Yehezkel/Ezekiel 11:12 & 20:32, Ephesians 4:17, and 1Peter 4:3) v.31 “Do not do so to יהוה your Elohim, for every abomination which יהוה hates they have done to their mighty ones, for they even burn their sons and daughters in the fire to their mighty ones.”

“The Scriptures” record, Yisrael, led by, their very own high priest, Aaron, worshipped and sacrificed to the one true Yahweh Elohim of Yisrael. 

“And Aharon saw and built an altar before it. And Aharon called out and said, “Tomorrow is a festival to יהוה.”

Question: Why should Yahweh Elohim be angry with Yisrael, and with Aaron, and want to destroy them. 

Answer: They were worshipping Him according to the way of the pagans and not in truth according to “The Scriptures”. 

Many have supposed that the children of Yisrael were worshipping another elohim when Aaron fashioned the golden calf.  However, this was probably not the case at all!  The sin of Yisrael was that they had made Yahweh Elohim into their own graven image and worshipped Him, with their whole heart, according to the vain imaginations of men and not according to “The Torah”.

Question: Why would the Yisraelites fashion Yahweh Elohim into a golden calf? 

Answer: The first letter in the Hebrew aleph-bet is the Aleph.  In the oldest written form of Hebrew the Aleph was represented by the picture of an ox head, e.g. a.  The letter Aleph was and is closely associated with Yahweh Elohim till this very day.  In the book of Revelation Yahoshua identified Himself as the Aleph and the Tav on four different occasions.  The Aleph and the Tav, e.g. aft, is actually the very mark He places on the forehead and hand of all those who belong to His Kingdom.  (See the study, “THE ETERNAL MARK OF THE KINGDOM OF YAHWEH ELOHIM”, via the link provided.)


Yahweh Elohim was not pleased at all that His esteem was reduced to the vanity of man’s imagination.  He was also not pleased in the least that mere men should ordain a set-apart day(s) unto Yahweh Elohim.  If anyone should doubt His anger about this please refer to the entire account of this event as recorded in Shemoth / Exodus 32. 

Unfortunately, over six hundred years later, this vanity would repeat itself over and over again.  Yeroboam became the first king over the Northern Ten Tribes of Yisrael, when Yahweh sovereignly and providentially divided His people in the days of Rehoboam, the son of Solomon.  1Melakim / Kings 11:4-13 & 29-39

Even though Yeroboam was Yahweh Elohim’s handpicked sovereign over Yisrael, Yeroboam was fearful if the people of Yisrael were to continue to worship Yahweh Elohim according to the instruction they were given in the Torah of Mosheh their hearts would return to Rehoboam and desire for him to rule over them.  Rehoboam was the sovereign over Yahudah whose capitol city was Yahrushalayim. (1Melakim 12:25-27) 

Yahrushalayim was the very city were Yahweh Elohim had placed His name and had instructed all the men of Yisrael from 20-50 years of age to come and worship before Him three times every year. (Debarim / Deuteronomy 16:16)  In addition all the children of Yisrael from the very youngest to the very oldest were commanded to appear before Yahweh their Elohim, in Yahrushalayim, once every seven years. (Debarim 31:11)   

Yeroboam’s solution to his fear was to instate and sanction a new feast unto Yahweh Elohim.  This feast unto Yahweh was to be held in the 8th month in the cities of Dan and Bethel.  Yeroboam had two golden calves molded and erected and placed one in each city. 

v.28 “So the sovereign took counsel and made two calves of gold, and said to the people, “It is too much for you to go up to Yerushalayim. See, your mighty ones, O Yisra’ĕl, which brought you up from the land of Mitsrayim!” v.29 And he set up one in Bĕyth Ěl, and the other he put in Dan. v.30 And this matter became a sin, for the people went before the one as far as Dan. v.31 And he made the house of high places, and made priests from all sorts of people, who were not of the sons of Lĕwi. v.32 And Yaroḇʽam performed a festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, like the festival that was in Yahuḏah, and he offered on the altar. So he did at Bĕyth Ěl, slaughtering to the calves that he had made. And at Bĕyth Ěl he appointed the priests of the high places which he had made. v.33 And he made offerings on the altar which he had made at Bĕyth Ěl on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, in the month which he had devised in his own heart. And he performed a festival for the children of Yisra’ĕl, and offered on the altar and burned incense.” ~ 1Melakim 12:28-33

Does all of this sound frighteningly familiar?  History will surely repeat itself by all those who refuse to learn from it.  There is nothing new under the sun. (Qoheleth / Ecclesiastes 1:9)  If Yeroboam had obeyed the instructions of Yahweh to write down all the words of “The Torah” and to read them and to obey them, all the days of his life, perhaps this abominable wickedness would never have come into the land and the northern land of Yisrael would not have been brought to complete desolation, even until this very day. (Debarim 17:18-20)

It is most unfortunate indeed that “the sin of Yeroboam” would continue on unrepented of to every single succeeding generation, throughout seven different dynasties.  Hear the Word of Yahweh!

King Nadab ~ “And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, and walked in the way of his father, and in his sin by which he had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 1Melakim 15:26

2nd DYNASTY ~ King Baasha ~ “And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, and walked in the way of Yaroḇʽam, and in his sin by which he had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 1Melakim 15:34    

King Elah ~ “for all the sins of Baʽasha and the sins of Ělah his son, by which they had sinned and by which they had made Yisra’ĕl sin, in provoking יהוה Elohim of Yisra’ĕl with their worthlessnesses.” 1Melakim 16:13

3rd DYNASTY ~ King Zimri ~ “And it came to be, when Zimri saw that the city was captured, that he went into a high place of the sovereign’s house and burned the sovereign’s house down upon himself with fire, and died, v.19 because of the sins which he had sinned in doing evil in the eyes of יהוה, in walking in the way of Yaroḇʽam, and in his sin which he had committed to make Yisra’ĕl sin.” 1Melakim 16:18-19

4th DYNASTY ~ King Omri ~ “And Omri did evil in the eyes of יהוה, and did evil more than all those before him, v.26 and walked in all the ways of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, and in his sin by which he had made Yisra’ĕl sin, provoking יהוה Elohim of Yisra’ĕl with their worthlessnesses.” 1Melakim 16:25-26

King Ahab ~ “And Aḥaḇ son of Omri did evil in the eyes of יהוה, more than all those before him.
v.31 And it came to be, as though it had been a light matter for him to walk in the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, that he took as wife Izeḇel the daughter of Ethbaʽal, sovereign of the Tsiḏonians. And he went and served Baʽal and bowed himself to it, v.32 and raised up an altar for Baʽal in the house of Baʽal, which he had built in Shomeron. v.33 And Aḥaḇ made an Ashĕrah. And Aḥaḇ did more to provoke יהוה Elohim of Yisra’ĕl than all the sovereigns of Yisra’ĕl before him.” 1Melakim 16:30-33

King Ahaziah ~ “and did evil in the eyes of יהוה, and walked in the way of his father and in the way of his mother and in the way of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin, v.53 and served Baʽal and bowed himself to it, and provoked יהוה Elohim of Yisra’ĕl, according to all that his father had done.” 1Melakim 22:52-53

King Yehoram ~ “And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, but not like his father and mother; for he removed the statue of Baʽal which his father had made. v.3But he clung to the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin. He did not turn away from them.” 2Melakim 3:2-3

5th DYNASTY ~ King Yehu ~ “Thus Yĕhu destroyed Baʽal out of Yisra’ĕl.  However, Yĕhu did not turn away from the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin, from the golden calves that were at Bĕyth Ěl and Dan.” 2Melakim 10:29-30

King Yeho’ ahaz ~ “In the twenty-third year of Yo’ash son of Aḥazyahu, sovereign of Yahuḏah, Yeho’aḥaz son of Yĕhu began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, and reigned seventeen years. v.2 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, and followed the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin. He did not turn away from them.” 2Melakim 13:1-2

King Yo’ ash ~ “In the thirty-seventh year of Yo’ash sovereign of Yahuḏah, Yeho’ash son of Yeho’aḥaz began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, sixteen years. And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה. He did not turn away from all the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin – he walked in it.” 2Melakim 13:10-11

King Yerob ‘am ~ “In the fifteenth year of Amatsyahu son of Yo’ash, the sovereign of Yahuḏah, Yaroḇʽam son of Yo’ash, the sovereign of Yisra’ĕl, began to reign in Shomeron, and reigned forty-one years. v.24 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה. He did not turn away from all the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 2Melakim 14:23-24

King Zeḵaryahu ~ “In the thirty-eighth year of Azaryahu sovereign of Yahuḏah, Zeḵaryahu son of Yaroḇʽam began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, for six months. v.9 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, as his fathers had done. He did not turn away from the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 2Melakim 15:8-9

6th DYNASTY ~ King Shallum ~ (King Shallum’s sins are not recorded.)

King Menaḥĕm ~ “In the thirty-ninth year of Azaryah sovereign of Yahuḏah, Menaḥĕm son of Gaḏi began to reign over Yisra’ĕl, ten years in Shomeron. v.18 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה. He did not turn away from the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin, all his days.” 2Melakim15:17-18

King Peqaḥyah ~ “In the fiftieth year of Azaryah the sovereign of Yahuḏah, Peqaḥyah the son of Menaḥĕm began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, for two years. v.24 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה. He did not turn away from the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 2Melakim 15:23-24

Seventh DYANSTY ~ King Peqaḥ ~ “In the fifty-second year of Azaryah sovereign of Yahuḏah, Peqaḥ son of Remalyahu began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, for twenty years. v.28 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה. He did not turn away from the sins of Yaroḇʽam son of Neḇat, who had made Yisra’ĕl sin.” 2Melakim 15:27-28

King Hoshĕa ~ “In the twelfth year of Ahaz sovereign of Yahuḏah, Hoshĕa son of Ělah began to reign over Yisra’ĕl in Shomeron, for nine years. v.2 And he did evil in the eyes of יהוה, but not as the sovereigns of Yisra’ĕl who were before him.” 2Melakim 17:1-2

It cannot possibly be overstated that Yisrael’s primary sin, for which they were ultimately destroyed, was worshipping Yahweh Elohim according to their own vain imagination and not in Truth, according to His Word, “The Torah”.

“The church” of westernized “Christianity” is long overdue for a serious audit of it’s beliefs, traditions and holiday (holy day) celebrations.  Why is it ok to hold onto paganized beliefs, traditions and holy days, white-washed in the name of “Christianity” today, and it was all considered abominable 2,000 years ago?  Why is it ok to worship “God” according to our vain imaginations today when Yahweh Elohim severely punished Yisrael for it 2,700 years ago?  Has Yahweh changed His mind?  Has He become more tolerant of sin, which is defined, in the first century Scriptures, as the transgression of His Torah? (1Yohanan 3:4)  Was Yahweh Elohim of the TaNaKh (OT) a mean and angry Elohim and now He has transformed Himself in the first century AD to be kind, gentle and compassionate?  What does “The Scripture” say?      

For I am יהוה, I shall not change, and you, O sons of Yaʽaqoḇ, shall not come to an end.” Malachai 3:6

יהושע Messiah is the same yesterday, and today, and forever.” Ibrim / Hebrews 13:8

“The Scriptures” cannot possibly state the case any plainer.  Yahweh Elohim the Father and Yahweh Elohim the Son do not and will not ever change!  If you still tenaciously believe what was condemned as sin in the TaNaKh (OT) is acceptable and set-apart in the first century writings (NT) you are marvelously deceived, because you refuse to receive the love of the Truth!

“The coming of the lawless one is according to the working of haSatan, with all power and signs and wonders of falsehood, v.10 and with all deceit of unrighteousness in those perishing, because they did not receive the love of the truth, in order for them to be saved. v.11 And for this reason Elohim sends them a working of delusion, for them to believe the falsehood.” 1Thessalonians 2:9-11

Yahoshua said, “But the hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father also does seek such to worship Him. “Elohim is Spirit, and those who worship Him need to worship in spirit and truth.” Yahonan 4:23-24  

How in the world can anyone justify white-washed paganism as the Truth?  Paganism is the perversion / counterfeit of the Truth.  Pagan worship can never be true worship because it is not sanctioned by Yahweh Elohim’s eternal Word.

“Set them apart in Your truth – Your Word is truth.” ~ Yahonan 17:17  Footnote: See Mismore / Psalm 119:142, 151

“The heaven and the earth shall pass away, but My words shall by no means pass away.” Mattithyahu 24:35

Paganized-Christianity is a total oxymoron. The westernized “church” has successfully married the set-apart to the profane until the present, and today most cannot discern the difference between the two.  One is the table of haSatan and the other is the table of Yahweh Elohim.  We must choose which table we are going to receive our sustenance from as it is impossible to partake of both and be pleasing unto our Master Yahoshua. 

1Corinthinas 10:21 ~ “You are not able to drink the cup of the Master and the cup of demons, you are not able to partake of the table of the Master and of the table of demons.

Remember the first commandment to any new convert is to, “abstain from the defilements of idols”!  It is not the idol(s) that defiles us, but the various elements of worship unto the idol(s) that defile us! 

1Corinthians 8:4 ~ “As concerning therefore the eating of those things that are offered in sacrifice unto idols, we know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other Elohim but one.”

The list of “the defilements of idols” that is commonly witnessed in the average “church” cannot be exhaustively covered within this study.  However, I guarantee you that if you are intellectually honest and begin to investigate the origins of almost any holi-day, belief, or tradition that your particular religion, denomination, or church holds sacred you will find that almost every one of them originate from paganism, and not thus saith, Yahweh Elohim, by His Word, “The Scriptures”.  

At the risk of sounding like a broken record, let me be perfectly clear, it is not the idol(s) that have defiled most of us.  It is worshipping Yahweh Elohim in the tradition we have learned from paganism and idolatry that has defiled us!  Since Yahweh Elohim does not change, His word to the prophet Yehezkel / Ezekiel is the same to us today.

“Her priests have done violence to My teaching and they profane My set-apart matters. They have not distinguished between the set-apart and profane, nor have they made known the difference between the unclean and the clean. And they have hidden their eyes from My Sabbaths, and I am profaned in their midst.” Yehezkel 22:26

This is exactly why the very first order of business of the Millennial Kingdom of Y’shua will be to teach all of us the difference between what is holy and what is profane.

“And they are to teach My people the difference between the set-apart and the profane, and make them know what is unclean and clean.” Yehezekel 44:23

Finally, it is worth noting, one of the least known “defilements of idol(s)” is the mentioning of their names in the assemblies of Elohim.  It is very common knowledge the names of the days of the week on the Roman calendar are derived from pagan deity worship, as are most of the names of the months.  However, most of these names are not used in the assemblies of Elohim for worship.  Sunday and Easter are the two most prominent exceptions.  These are both named for pagan deities and highly venerated by paganism as well as “Christianity” until this very day.  
 
Debarim 12:1-4  “These are the laws and right-rulings which you guard to do in the land which יהוה Elohim of your fathers is giving you to possess, all the days that you live on the soil. v.2 “Completely destroy all the places where the nations which you are dispossessing served their mighty ones, on the high mountains and on the hills and under every green tree. v.3 “And you shall break down their altars, and smash their pillars, and burn their Ashĕrim with fire. And you shall cut down the carved images of their mighty ones and shall destroy their name1 out of that place. (Footnote: 1The names of the gentile deities (mighty ones).) V.4 “Do not do so to יהוה your Elohim,

“And in all that I have said to you take heed. And make no mention of the name of other mighty ones, let it not be heard from your mouth.” Exodus / Shemoth 23:13

Why is it the case that most “Christians” have no moral objection to mentioning the name of pagan deities in their “holi assemblies”?  Yahoshua tells us in His own Words,

“Forsaking the command of Elohim, you hold fast the tradition of men.” Mark 7:8 

The bottom line is “the church”, made up of practicing / non-practicing “Christians”, has not “abstained from the defilements of idol(s)”, but has rather unapologetically embraced them in every way!  It is time to confess our transgressions against Yahweh Elohim and forsake the lies we have inherited from our fathers.

Yirmeyahu 16:19 “In the day of distress the gentiles shall come to You from the ends of the earth and say, “Our fathers have inherited only falsehood, futility, and there is no value in them.”1 Footnote: 1See Ps. 147:19, Isa. 2:3, Isa. 60:2-3, John 4:22, Rom. 2:20, Rom. 3:2, Rom. 9:4.
       

2.) and from whoring, 

By definition, from “The Scriptures” (Way yiqra / Leviticus 18), any sexual intimacy outside of the marital covenant between a man and a woman as well as any unsanctioned sexual* or marital relationship** is whoring. *i.e. bestiality, incest, **e.g. A man was not to take his step-mother as his wife once his father died.  It was and is expected, if you are going to enter into the re-NEW-ed covenant by the blood of Yahoshua ha MaShiach, that you will live a life of sexual purity unto Him.  It needs to be made plain and clear, IN BOLD PRINT AND CAPITAL LETTERS, if you are going to covert and become a believer and follow Yahoshua the Messiah you must be committed to sexual purity from the very first hour!  If you are not committed to abstain from whoring you cannot come into covenant with Yahoshua ha MaShiach!

Remember the picture of marriage?  How can we come to the altar of covenant with our Heavenly Groom Yahoshua knowing we have a lover(s) on the side, outside of the covenant of set-apart matrimony?  Because of sheer ignorance on the part of the “new believers”, and sheer arrogance on the part of the “spiritual leadership” of “the westernized church”, this scenario repeats itself week after week.  Today, in many western churches, it is not uncommon to find the majority of male / female couples are in fact cohabitating, outside of the covenant of marriage.  Where o’ where is the unapologetic call to personal holiness at the time of conversion?  Sadly, it is hardly to be found!  Hear the stern warning of “The Scriptures”.

v.3 “For this is the desire of Elohim: your set-apartness! – that you should abstain from whoring, v.4 that each one of you should know how to possess his own vessel in set-apartness and respect, v.5 not in passion of lust, like the gentiles who do not know Elohim, v.6 not to overstep and take advantage of his brother in this matter, because the Master is the revenger of all such, as we or indeed said to you before and earnestly warned. v.7 For Elohim did not call us to uncleanness, but in set-apartness. v.8 Therefore he who rejects this does not reject man, but Elohim, who also gives us His Set-apart Spirit.” 1Thessalonians 4:3-8

Almost everywhere throughout the TaNaKh (OT) Scriptures we see the defilements of idolatry and whoring closely linked together.  Is it any coincidence “the defilements of idol(s)” are rampant throughout the “Christian westernized churches” and whoring and divorce are just as rampant?  When is the “church” going to wake up to the rottenness of the fruit it is producing?  How can the table of demons bring forth the fruit of set-apartness Yahweh desires?  I could go on for pages citing statistic after statistic and study after study evidencing the absolute rottenness of the fruit the westernized “church” is currently producing.

The plain reality is “the western church” is filled with all types of whoring and perversion and the preaching and practice of sexual purity is mostly a relic of days gone by.  The reformation of the Protestants did recognize the severity of “the defilements of idol(s)” and the rampant promiscuity in their day and they addressed both very successfully.  They made good progress for a season as they preached against many of “the defilements of idols” and whoring, however, many known concessions / compromises were made from that time until the present and now “the church” in many ways finds itself in a worse state than the first.      

“For speaking arrogant nonsense, they entice – through the lusts of the flesh, through indecencies – the ones who have indeed escaped from those living in delusion, v.19 promising them freedom, though themselves being slaves of corruption – for one is a slave to whatever overcomes him. v.20 For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of the Master and Saviour יהושע Messiah, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the latter end is worse for them than the first. v.21 For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn from the set-apart command1 delivered unto them. (Footnote: 1The singular “command” often means “commands” – see 1 Tim. 6:14, Dt. 17:20, Ps. 19:8.) v.22 For them the proverb has proved true, “A dog returns to his own vomit,” and, “A washed sow returns to her rolling in the mud.” 2Peter 2:18-22

Please carefully consider the first century “Scriptures” that speak directly to the subject of whoring and its consequences.

1Corinthians 5:9 & 11 “I wrote to you in my letter not to keep company with those who whore.  But now I have written to you not to keep company with anyone called ‘a brother,’ if he is one who whores, or greedy of gain, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler – not even to eat with such a one.”

1Corinthians 6:9 “Do you not know that the unrighteous shall not inherit the reign of Elohim? Do not be deceived. Neither those who whore, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals,”

Ephesians 5:5 “For this you know, that no one who whores, nor unclean one, nor one greedy of gain, who is an idolater, has any inheritance in the reign of Messiah and Elohim.
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Ibrim / Hebrews 13:4 “Let marriage be respected by all, and the bed be undefiled. But Elohim shall judge those who whore, and adulterers.”

Revelation 21:8 “But as for the cowardly, and untrustworthy, and abominable, and murderers, and those who whore, and drug sorcerers, and idolaters, and all the false, their part is in the lake which burns with fire and sulphur, which is the second death.”

Revelation 22:14 & 15 “Blessed are those doing His commands, so that the authority shall be theirs unto the tree of life, and to enter through the gates into the city. “But outside are the dogs and those who enchant with drugs, and those who whore, and the murderers, and the idolaters, and all who love and do falsehood.”

These warnings are grave indeed!  We must heed them or suffer the consequences!  

3.) and from what is strangled,

This is where these instructions can get a little confusing if you’re not careful to rightfully divide the Word of Truth. (2Timothy 2:15)  The right question should be, “Why does Yahweh Elohim care if I eat the meat from an animal that has been strangled or not?  The simplest answer I can come up with is Yahweh Elohim cares for all of His creation.  Even though He gave man the provision of “clean” meat as their dietary supplement, ever since the world-wide flood, this was never His perfect will. (Bereshith / Genesis 7:2 & 9:3) 

Before the flood the Earth was very, very different, in every way.  All men were vegetarians as were all the animals.  However, the flood literally changed everything and this was no longer the case in a post-flood world.  (Please see Creation Science Evangelism’s Seminar 1 & 2 for detailed information and extensive documentation on this subject.  Here is the link.) 


Yahweh does not want us to inflict pain unnecessarily on the animals He has provided for our sustenance.  He wants us to be as merciful as possible to all of His creation, even in death.  If a man is cruel toward an animal it is most likely he will also be cruel toward another human being.  In Old Testament times the Yahudim and Yisrael would slit the throat of their sacrifices, and their animals for eating, with a very sharp knife.  Contrast this humane killing with the command of the disciples not to eat an animal that has been choked to death inhumanely.  Yahweh wants all believers in Yahoshua Messiah to be known as merciful and compassionate ambassadors, even as He is merciful and compassionate.

4.) and from blood

It is quite surprising how many believers do not give a second thought to eating their meat with the taste of blood still remaining in it.  I grew up as a Southern Baptist “Christian” eating most of my meat medium rare.  I never stopped for a moment to think that the command to gentile converts meant that I was sinning against Yahweh Elohim, by transgressing His commandment.  All throughout “The Scriptures” we plainly see the admonition not to partake of any blood in our diet.

Bereshith / Genesis 9:4 & 5a  But do not eat flesh with its life, its blood. “But only your blood for your lives I require, from the hand of every beast I require it,”  
 
Way yiqra / Leviticus 7:26-27 “And do not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, of bird or of beast. v.27 ‘Any being who eats any blood, even that being shall be cut off from his people.’ ”

Way yiqra 17:10-14 “‘And any man of the house of Yisra’ĕl, or of the strangers who sojourn among you, who eats any blood, I shall set My face against that being who eats blood, and shall cut him off from among his people. v.11 ‘For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make atonement for your lives, for it is the blood that makes atonement for the life.’ v.12 “Therefore I said to the children of Yisra’ĕl, ‘No being among you eats blood, nor does any stranger who sojourns among you eat blood.’ v.13 “And any man from the children of Yisra’ĕl, or from the strangers who sojourn among you, who hunts and catches any beast or bird, which is eaten, shall pour out its blood and cover it with dust, v.14  for it is the life of all flesh. Its blood is for its life. And I said to the children of Yisra’ĕl, ‘Do not eat the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood. Anyone eating it is cut off.’”

Debarim / Deuteronomy 12:23-24Only, be firm not to eat the blood, for the blood is the life, do not eat the life with the meat. v.24“Do not eat it, you pour it on the earth like water.”

In light of the commandment in both Brit ha DaShah (NT) and the TaNaKh (OT) “Scriptures” I hope that you now know with all certainty that all believers in Yahoshua ha MaShiach better be absolutely certain that there is no blood whatsoever in the meat that we eat.  This is a definitive part of the re-NEW-ed covenant.

5.)  “For from ancient generations Mosheh has, in every city, those proclaiming him – being read in the congregations every Sabbath.”

This one verse is probably the most overlooked and underappreciated verse over the majority of the history of the (NT) “church”.  This statement should provoke us to ask some seriously pressing questions.

a)  Why in the world would Ya ‘acob decree that “The Torah” of Mosheh is being read, every Sabbath, in every city, in the then known world?     
 
b)  How did “The Torah” or “Old Testament” “Scriptures” circulate so widely by the first century AD?              

The average “Christian” believer never stops to consider the great economic value of a copy of “The Scriptures” in the first century AD.  The cost of the average “Torah” scroll was very prohibitive to personally owning one.  During this time almost every scroll was made from “clean” animal skin parchment, (which would be the equivalent of 55 sheep skins).  Once the parchment was prepared a specially developed ink would be applied by a highly, technically trained scribe.  From beginning to end it was not uncommon for this process to take at least one year.  This does not take into account the additional cost and time required to make a copy of the rest of the TaNaKh (OT) scrolls, from Shophetim / Judges – Malachi, (in the English translations).           
  
If you were the average believer living in the first century and you wanted to hear the Word of Elohim or study it for yourself then you had to go to the local Synagogue.  This was the only option available!  This is where the entire body of TaNaKh scrolls was safely kept for the benefit of the whole congregation.  During this time in history there where usually at least two portions of “The Scriptures” that were read publicly.  The first portion that was read was always from “The Torah” and the second portion was usually from one of the prophets or the writings.  These readings would be followed by different members of the congregation sharing their insights, concerning the passages read, with the rest of the congregation.  This is exactly what Rav Shaul was speaking to in his first letter to the assemblies at Corinth.     

“And let two or three prophets speak, and let the others discern. v.30 And if there should be a revelation to another who sits by, let the first be silent. v.31 For you are all able to prophesy one by one, so that all learn and all be encouraged.” 1Corinthians 14:29-31

There is no model of the western “church” found anywhere in the book of Acts or the rest of Brit ha DaShah (NT) for that matter.  The body of believers is meant to be an active participatory gathering every time we come together.  The idea that we are to passively listen to one person espouse their commentary on “The Scriptures” and then hand over our tithes and offerings is born out of the cult of man’s heavy handed tradition and continues largely due to man’s laziness to study and understand “The Scriptures” for himself. 

Another point that needs to be seriously considered by the average believer is that Brit ha Dashah (the NT) did not exist at all in the first decades of the re-NEW-ed covenant.  Most believers never stop to think “The Scriptures” being referred to from Matthew – Revelation are all TaNaKh (OT) Scriptures!  Now I am not saying Brit ha DaShah (the NT) is not Scripture, I am simply pointing out the weight of “The Scriptures” used for teaching, preaching and understanding the gospel, (GOOD NEWS) of Yahoshua ha MaShiach, for at least the first 100 years, was 100% from the TaNaKh (OT)!  With this in mind consider the following passages afresh!

“And He said to them, “O thoughtless ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! v.26 “Was it not necessary for the Messiah to suffer these and to enter into His esteem?” v.27 And beginning at Mosheh and all the Prophets, He was explaining to them in all the Scriptures the matters concerning Himself.” Luke 24:25-27

“And He said to them, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all have to be filled that were written in the Torah of Mosheh and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.” v.45 Then He opened their minds to understand the Scriptures,” Luke 24:44-45

“And according to his practice, Sha’ul went in unto them, and for three Sabbaths was reasoning with them from the Scriptures,” Acts 17:2

“Now these were more noble than those in Thessalonike, who received the word with great eagerness, and searched the Scriptures daily, if these words were so.” Acts 17:11 

“For I delivered to you at the first that which I also received: that Messiah died for our sins according to the Scriptures, v.4 and that He was buried, and that He was raised the third day, according to the Scriptures,” 1Corinthians 15:3-4

“and that from a babe you have known the Set-apart Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for deliverance through belief in Messiah יהושע. v.16 All Scripture is breathed by Elohim and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for setting straight, for instruction in righteousness, v.17 that the man of Elohim might be fitted, equipped for every good work.” 2 Timothy 3:15-17
                   
The point I am making is simply this.  All throughout the known world in the first century AD if you wanted to hear “The Scriptures” and study “The Scriptures”, Jew or Gentile, you had to go to the local Synagogue on the weekly Shabbat, (Sabbath).  The idea that the believers in the first century met separately on the first day of the week is absolute, “western Christian church” fantasy.  Not only is there no “Scriptural” support for meeting on the first day of the week, replacing the Sabbath, logistically it would have been impossible to do so.  There would have been little to no copies of “The Scriptures” from which to preach, teach and study from.  (Note: See the study, FROM SABBATH TO SUNDAY for more in depth information on this topic.)


The idea of Yahudim (Jews) and Greeks (non-Yahudim) congregating together is really nothing new.  Everywhere Rav Shaul went the Yahudim and Greeks were gathered together at the local Synagogue.  (Acts 13:42, 14:1, 18:4, 19:10 & 17, 20:21)  The NT believers would continue to go to the temple in Yahrushalayim, (until approximately 62/63 AD), and the local Synagogues all over the world for an extended time after this.  It was only much later when Rome followed by the “westernized Christian church” began to persecute the Yahudim that the believers who followed Yahoshua began to be no longer welcome by the Yahudim, universally.  I wonder why?

How did “The Torah” or “Old Testament” Scriptures become so widely circulated by the first century AD?

The correct answer to this question can be very long and exactly detailed.  I highly encourage everyone to read the book by JH Allen and / or watch the video by Jim Staley, linked above, as a starting point to fully understanding the answer to this question.                    
     
The summary answer is the northern ten tribes of Yisrael were conquered by the nation of Assyria in and around BC 723/22 and “The Scriptures” and history records the majority of these people have never returned to the land.  Approximately 120 years later the three southern tribes of Yahudah (Yahudah, Benyamin and Levi) were conquered by Babylon and many were taken into captivity.  Seventy years after this they were free to return by the declaration of the Persian king.  History and “The Scriptures” record approximately 10% of the southern tribes of Yahudah returned to their native land.  Many of the remaining 90% of the tribes of Yahudah were also scattered to the nations at the time Babylon was conquered by the Medo/Persian empire.  Many of these facts of history are confirmed by the great historian Flavius Josephus.

Antiquities of the Jews - Book XI (Ch. 5) Section 2

“When Esdras (Ezra) had received this epistle, he was very joyful, and began to worship God, and confessed that he had been the cause of the king's great favor to him, and that for the same reason he gave all the thanks to God. So he read the epistle at Babylon to those Jews that were there; but he kept the epistle itself, and sent a copy of it to all those of his own nation that were in Media. And when these Jews had understood what piety the king had towards God, and what kindness he had for Esdras, they were all greatly pleased; nay, many of them took their effects with them, and came to Babylon, as very desirous of going down to Jerusalem; but then the entire body of the people of Israel remained in that country; wherefore there are but two tribes in Asia and Europe subject to the Romans, while the ten tribes are beyond Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude, and not to be estimated by numbers. Now there came a great number of priests, and Levites, and porters, and sacred singers, and sacred servants to Esdras. So he gathered those that were in the captivity together beyond Euphrates, and stayed there three days, and ordained a fast for them, that they might make their prayers to God for their preservation, that they might suffer no misfortunes by the way, either from their enemies, or from any other ill accident; for Esdras had said beforehand that he had told the king how God would preserve them, and so he had not thought fit to request that he would send horsemen to conduct them.”

Everywhere the Yisraelites (all twelve tribes) went throughout the world they carried “The Scriptures” with them.  This is the primary reason why almost every where the gospel went in the book of Acts there was already an established community of faith in the one true Yahweh Elohim of Abraham, Yitshak and Ya ‘acob.  Almost without exception these synagogues were made up of Yahudim (Jews) and Greeks / Gentiles (converts to the religion of Judaism, but most likely descendants of the ten exiled tribes of Yisrael).  There is much “Scriptural” support for this understanding.

In his letter to the assemblies at Rome Rav Shaul quotes the prophet Hoshea whose prophecy concerns the ten northern tribes of Yisrael exclusively, not the gentiles, not the Yahudim.  Now either Rav Shaul, correctly understands the gentile converts are in fact the descendants of ancient Yisrael or he is guilty of being a false apostle.  

“As He says in Hoshĕa too, “I shall call them My people, who were not My people, and her beloved, who was not beloved.” V.26 “And it shall be in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ there they shall be called sons of the living Elohim.”” Romans 9:25-26
     
The apostle Kepha (Peter) had this exact same understanding and he too quotes the prophet Hoshea.

“Kĕpha, an emissary of יהושע Messiah, to the chosen, strangers of the dispersion in Pontos, Galatia, Kappadokia, Asia, and Bithunia, v.2 chosen according to the foreknowledge of Elohim the Father, set apart by the Spirit unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of יהושע Messiah: Favour and peace be increased to you.” 1Kepha 1:1-2

“Who once were not a people, but now the people of Elohim; who had not obtained compassion, but now obtained compassion.” 1Kepha 2:10

Ya ‘acob the half brother of Yahoshua also held to this exact same belief.

“Yaʽaqoḇ, a servant of Elohim and of the Master יהושע Messiah, to the twelve tribes who are in the dispersion:” Greetings. Ya ‘acob 1:1

As a matter fact the only people who do not seem to know they are in fact Yisrael, are the people of Yisrael who erroneously, ignorantly claim to be “gentile Christians”.

The Yahudim living during the time of Yahoshua’s ministry understood this to be true.  

“The Yahuḏim, therefore, said to themselves, “Where is He about to go that we shall not find Him?  Is He about to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks, and to teach the Greeks?” Yohanan 7:35

The high priest of the Yahrushalayim temple, Qayapha also understood this to be 100% true.

“And one of them, Qayapha, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know naught, v.50 neither do you consider that it is better for us that one man die for the people than that the entire nation should perish.” v.51 But he did not say this from himself, but being high priest that year he prophesied that יהושע was about to die for the nation, v.52 and not for the nation only, but to gather together into one the children of Elohim who were scattered abroad.” Yohanan 11:49-52
 
Conclusion: The first four Torot, (instructions), given by Ya ‘acob, are only meant to be the foundational Torah for all new gentile converts.  Remember the picture of marriage?  Everything else, (i.e. The Torah of Mosheh and the rest of the TaNaKh), a new believer needed to know they would learn from Sabbath to Sabbath as they worshipped at the local Synagogue.  This is affirmed by Ya ‘acob in his letter to the twelve tribes.

Ya ‘acob 2:2 “For if there should come into your Synagogue a man with gold rings, in a splendid robe, and there should also come in a poor one dressed in rags,” 

Question: Why would gentile converts be interested in hearing and obeying “The Torah” and the rest of the OT if it was done away with by Yahoshua Messiah?

Answer: 1.) The TaNaKh (OT) is the only “Scriptures” they had available at that time.  They did not have a choice.  &  2.) The Torah was never done away with. 

“Do not think that I came to destroy the Torah or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to complete. “For truly, I say to you, till the heaven and the earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall by no means pass from the Torah till all be done.”1 Footnote: 1Luke 16:17  Mattithyahu 5:17-18

Question: Has heaven or earth passed away yet? 
Answer: No! A thousand times NO!
Question: Has everything in the Torah and the Prophets been completed yet? 
Answer: No! A thousand times NO!

“But when the completion of the time came, Elohim sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under Torah,” Galatians 4:4

Question: When was the completion of the time? 
Answer: At least part of the answer is, when “The Torah” had gone out to the entire known world.

“For from ancient generations Mosheh has, in every city, those proclaiming him – being read in the congregations every Sabbath.”

From the beginning Yahweh’s Torah has been perfect and everlasting.  Listen to the words of the Psalmist and ask yourself, now was David lying or is my pastor / church / denomination / religion lying?

Mismore / Psalm 19:7-11The Torah of יהוה is perfect, bringing back the being; The witness of יהוה is trustworthy, making wise the simple; v.8 The orders of יהוה are straight, rejoicing the heart; The command of יהוה is clear, enlightening the eyes; v.9 The fear of יהוה is clean, standing forever; The right-rulings of יהוה are true, They are righteous altogether, v.10 More desirable than gold, Than much fine gold; And sweeter than honey and the honeycomb.v.11 Also, Your servant is warned by them, In guarding them there is great reward.”

From the time of the controversy disputed and resolved in Acts 15 till the present the answer has always been the same.  You can only come into the re-NEW-ed covenant by Yahweh’s favor through faith in Messiah Yahoshua and the sincerity of your commitment was demonstrated by agreeing to four basic / foundational commandments (torot).  You would learn everything else Yahweh Elohim required of you, needful to walk in His set-apartness, (perfection and blessing), as you heard and obeyed His Word from Shabbat to Shabbat. 

For example, over time you would hear about the significance of male circumcision, (halacha), and by Ruach ha Chodesh, (the Set-apart Spirit), you would understand the significance of circumcision in your personal relationship to Yahweh Elohim, (aggadah), and only then you would be convicted to do so, based on your personal relationship with Yahweh Elohim and not the coercion of men.  I am thoroughly convinced of this, today, more than ever before.  My “Christian” father and mother had each of their boys circumcised on the 8th day from birth.  Now why would they want to do this except it is written in “The Torah” and on their hearts?

Romans 2:2a  “For circumcision verily profiteth”

Romans 3:1 -2a “What advantage then hath the Yahudim (Jew)? or what profit is there of circumcision? v.2 Much every way:” 

If the Pharisees had prevailed then it would have taken up to three years for any convert to “Christianity” to be received into full fellowship and the males would have had to have beeen circumcised first.

Now that you know the Truth do not let anyone try to deceive you by telling you that obedience to Yahweh’s Torah is legalism and Pharisaical.  Obedience to Yahweh Elohim is never called legalism anywhere in all of “The TaNaKh (OT) or Brit ha DaShah (NT) Scriptures”.  Legalism / legalistic is defined by the “westernized church” as anyone who would obey Yahweh Elohim according to His Word alone and not according to the traditions of their cultic sectarian group.  Yahweh Elohim calls obedience loving Him with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might and loving your neighbor as yourself. (Debarim 6:4-9 & Leviticus 19:18)

Revelation 14:12 ~ “Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of Elohim, and the faith of Yahoshua.”

Revelation 22:14 ~ “Blessed are they that do His commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.”

Mattithyahu / Matthew 7:21-23 ~ “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Master, Master,’ shall enter into the reign of the heavens, but he who is doing the desire of My Father in the heavens. V.22 “Many shall say to Me in that day, ‘Master, Master, have we not prophesied in Your Name, and cast out demons in Your Name, and done many mighty works in Your Name?’ v.23 “And then I shall declare to them, ‘I never knew you, depart from Me, you who work lawlessness!” (Footnote: Lawlessness = Torah-less-ness or without “The Torah”!  Don’t take my word for it, look it up in your Bible Concordance / Dictionary for yourself.)

There is only one sectarian group of people on planet earth that could possibly identify with this last passage of “Scripture”.  They would most often identify themselves as “Christians”.  Unfortunately, most every “Christian” I know would never think that Yahoshua is speaking directly to them, even though they are in fact torah-less believers.

May we all fall on our face and repent before Yahweh Elohim, before it is too late!   

Shalom, shalom,
your servant and His,
Robert McDuffie ~ Mismore / Psalm 119:18
7rapturesrobert@gmail.com            

Blessed Are You Yahweh Elohim King Of The Universe!     




  

        
                          

2 comments:

  1. http://www.ccg.org/english/s/p069.html

    The above link is another study, on Acts 15, which I recently discovered and am sharing as I believe it offers added insight and benefit to the reader. Shalom, shalom!

    ReplyDelete
  2. http://nazarenespace.com/profiles/blogs/the-seven-laws-of-noah-a-betrothal

    Another outstanding, insightful and briefly worded study is linked above. Definitely worth the 10-15 minutes time it will take to read the article.

    ReplyDelete